Macular Hole: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
A macular hole is a small opening that develops in the macula—the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Because the macula allows you to read, recognize faces, drive and see fine details, a macular hole can significantly affect central vision.
Macular holes often develop because of age-related changes in the vitreous, the clear gel that fills the inside of the eye. Early diagnosis is important because the size and duration of the hole can affect treatment recommendations and the potential for vision improvement.
If you notice blurred or distorted central vision, a dark spot or missing area in your vision, schedule an evaluation with a retina specialist as soon as possible.
What Is a Macular Hole?
The retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. At the center of the retina is the macula, which provides the detailed vision needed for tasks such as reading and recognizing faces.
A macular hole forms when a small opening develops in the center of the macula. It typically affects central vision while peripheral, or side, vision remains intact.
A macular hole is different from a retinal tear. Although both conditions affect the retina, they occur in different areas and require different approaches to treatment.
What Causes a Macular Hole?
Most macular holes develop because of natural changes inside the eye.
The vitreous is a gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and retina. As you age, the vitreous gradually liquefies and begins to separate from the retina. If it remains attached to the macula, it may pull on this delicate tissue. This condition is known as vitreomacular traction.
Continued pulling can eventually create a macular hole.
Other possible causes and risk factors include:
- Aging
- Vitreomacular traction
- Eye trauma
- Severe nearsightedness
- Diabetic eye disease
- Macular pucker or epiretinal membrane
- Previous retinal conditions
Macular holes most commonly occur in adults over age 55, although they can develop earlier in patients with trauma or other eye conditions. The American Society of Retina Specialists notes that most cases develop spontaneously without an obvious external cause.
Macular Hole Specialists in Las Vegas
At Meadows Eye Physicians & Surgeons, our retina specialists diagnose and manage macular holes and other conditions affecting the retina and macula. Advanced retinal imaging helps our physicians evaluate the hole and recommend an individualized treatment plan.
If you are experiencing blurred central vision, wavy lines or a fixed spot in your vision, do not wait for the symptoms to resolve on their own. Schedule a retina evaluation as soon as possible.
Call Meadows Eye Physicians & Surgeons at (702) 358-0472 to request an appointment.